Al-Rifai, Rawya: A Comprehensive Analysis of Differential Cellular Effects of B-domain-deleted and Full-length FVIII Expression in HEK293 Cells. - Bonn, 2025. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-86048
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/13686,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5-86048,
doi: https://doi.org/10.48565/bonndoc-709,
author = {{Rawya Al-Rifai}},
title = {A Comprehensive Analysis of Differential Cellular Effects of B-domain-deleted and Full-length FVIII Expression in HEK293 Cells},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2025,
month = nov,

note = {Gene therapy has emerged as a promising approach for Hemophilia A and B, enabling sustained production of clotting factors and reducing reliance on frequent FVIII infusions. While Hemophilia B therapies targeting Factor IX show durable outcomes, Hemophilia A treatments using B-domain-deleted Factor VIII (BDD-FVIII), a truncated form adapted for adeno-associated virus delivery, often show reduced persistence. This study investigates cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this disparity by comparing BDD-FVIII with full-length FVIII (FL-FVIII).
Using stably transfected HEK293 cells, we evaluated expression and secretion levels. BDD-FVIII showed improved expression, secretion and lower endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention, likely due to its smaller size and reduced interaction with chaperones such as Calnexin and LMAN1.
We further conducted immunofluorescence co-localization studies, targeted chemical treatments, and gene knockouts of key trafficking regulators. These experiments revealed that FL-FVIII depends on classical ER-to-Golgi transport, while BDD-FVIII interacts less with early secretory pathway components. These findings demonstrate that FL- and BDD-FVIII engage distinct intracellular trafficking routes and quality control mechanisms.
Deletion of the FVIII B-domain significantly altered cellular behavior beyond secretion. BDD-FVIII-expressing cells showed reduced proliferation alongside activation of stress-related pathways, as confirmed by proliferation assays and RNA-seq analysis. Metabolic profiling showed that FL-FVIII imposes a greater folding and energetic burden due to its complex structure. FL-FVIII cells exhibited high mitochondrial ATP production but low residual ATP, indicating energy exhaustion. In contrast, BDD-FVIII cells maintained higher residual ATP with lower mitochondrial ATP, reflecting better energy efficiency.
Transcriptomic analysis revealed distinct gene expression profiles between FL-FVIII and BDD-FVIII, affecting pathways involved in cell cycle regulation, stress response, and metabolism. Notably, we identified a range of differentially regulated molecules between the two variants, including transcriptional regulators, kinases, enzymes, and chemical drugs. Among these, one compound previously used in gene therapy for Hemophilia A emerged as particularly interesting, as it has been shown to mitigate therapy-induced stress. This raises the possibility that such compounds could contribute to stabilizing BDD-FVIII by promoting a transcriptional and functional shift toward the FL-FVIII profile. These findings highlight the potential for therapeutic modulation using small molecules or kinase inhibitors to target stress-adaptive pathways.
Taken together, our results show that although the FVIII B-domain is not essential for coagulation, it plays a broader role in regulating secretion, metabolic homeostasis, and long-term cell adaptation. This study provides insight into the differential cellular effects of BDD- and FL-FVIII and may support the development of more targeted and personalized gene therapy strategies for Hemophilia A.},

url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/13686}
}

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