Donner, Matthias: Distribution and molecular characterization of aflatoxin-producing and nonproducing isolates of Aspergillus section Flavi for biological control of aflatoxin contamination in maize in Nigeria. - Bonn, 2009. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5N-16895
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/3940,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5N-16895,
author = {{Matthias Donner}},
title = {Distribution and molecular characterization of aflatoxin-producing and nonproducing isolates of Aspergillus section Flavi for biological control of aflatoxin contamination in maize in Nigeria},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2009,
month = mar,

note = {Fungal communities in soils of Nigerian maize fields were examined to determine distributions of aflatoxin-producing fungi and to identify endemic atoxigenic strains of potential value as biological control agents for limiting aflatoxin contamination in West African crops. Over 1,000 isolates belonging to Aspergillus section Flavi were collected from soil of 55 Nigerian maize fields located in three agroecological zones by dilution plating onto modified Rose Bengal agar. The most common member of Aspergillus section Flavi (85% of isolates) was the A. flavus L-strain followed by the unnamed taxon known as strain SBG (8%), A. tamarii (6%) and A. parasiticus (1%). The highest incidence of SBG was in the Zaria district, and the lowest was in the Ogbomosho and Ado-Ekiti districts. Only 44% of 492 A. flavus isolates produced aflatoxins (limit of detection 5 ng g-1). All SBG and A. parasiticus isolates produced both B and G aflatoxins and greater than 300 µg g-1 total aflatoxins. Thirty two percent of the A. flavus isolates produced >1 µg g-1 total aflatoxins but no A. flavus isolate produced G aflatoxins. The most important aflatoxin producers varied by region. However, all regions had atoxigenic strains of potential value as biological control agents.
In addition, this study focused on 18 atoxigenic A. flavus Vegetative Compatibility Groups (VCGs) collected from naturally infected maize. Loci across the 68 kb aflatoxin biosynthesis gene cluster were compared among the 18 atoxigenic VCGs, an atoxigenic strain used commercially in North America to manage aflatoxins, and several aflatoxin producers. Five of the VCGs from Nigeria had large deletions (37kb to 65kb) extending from the telomeric side of the aflatoxin biosynthesis cluster. In one case (isolate AV0222), the deletion extended through the cluster to the adjacent sugar cluster. The remaining 12 atoxigenic VCGs, including the VCG used for aflatoxin management in North America contained all genes of the aflatoxin pathway. Comparison of pathway genes revealed more changes in atoxigenic than in aflatoxin-producing VCGs and several non-synonymous changes that are unique to atoxigenics. However, for some atoxigenic VCGs, additional sequencing and experimentation will be required to determine precise causes of atoxigenicity.
Finally, a set of atoxigenic and toxigenic A. flavus L-strains from each soil sample were analyzed to determine their morphological, physiological, and genetic characters. Isolates that produced high levels of toxin in liquid fermentation produced proportionally less spores and had a higher sclerotia mass on Czapeks agar (31°C, 25days), while isolates with high spore mass and less sclerotia mass produced less aflatoxin. Portions of the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway genes, aflR, as well as genes from the Aspergillus flavus genome (taka amylase and pecA) were amplified by PCR and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis of all three genes confirmed that the high B+G aflatoxin producing SBG strain of West Africa did not belong to A. minisclerotigenes or Group II as previously assumed. A. parasiticus isolates of Nigeria were phylogenetically separated from those of other regions in the world. Within the A. flavus isolates, differences between toxigenic and atoxigenic L-strains were found in two of three analyzed genes.},

url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/3940}
}

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