Yunt, Zeynep Sabahat: Chemical Investigation of Streptomyces Albus Heterologous Expression Strains and The Biosynthesis of the Aromatic Polyketide Griseorhodin A. - Bonn, 2012. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-28461
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/5310,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-28461,
author = {{Zeynep Sabahat Yunt}},
title = {Chemical Investigation of Streptomyces Albus Heterologous Expression Strains and The Biosynthesis of the Aromatic Polyketide Griseorhodin A},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2012,
month = may,

note = {Griseorhodin A is a member of the rubromycins, a group of aromatic polyketides with unique structures. Members of this group such as γ-rubromycin and heliquinomycin inhibit HIV reverse transcriptase and human telomerase. Both pharmacological activities depend on the presence of a highly unusual spiroketal moiety, but how the bacteria achieve the biosynthesis of this pharmacophore has not been understood completely.
In previous work, the griseorhodin A biosynthetic gene cluster was isolated and sequenced and a heterologous expression system was created to study griseorhodin A biosynthesis 17 mutant strains lacking biosynthetic genes were prepared by Kathrin Reinhardt for her PhD work. The aim of this PhD study was the development of cultivation procedures, the chemical investigation, and the characterization of the metabolites and shunt products from the griseorhodin A pathway, focusing on the function of the 11 griseorhodin A tailoring enzymes performing the post-PKS steps and the function as-yet undetermined genes.
Heterologous expression and metabolic analysis of the strains enabled the assignment of most genes to various stages of griseorhodin A biosynthesis, the identification of tailoring enzymes and the study of the pharmacophore generation process. In addition to griseorhodin A, seven metabolites, didesoxygriseorhodin C, collinone, ZY1, lenticulone, precollinone, KS-619-3 and secocollinone-1, were isolated, which are present in the extracts of fourteen producing mutant strains. With the data obtained from the HR-LCMS experiments and structure elucidation, a new biosynthetic pathway for griseorhodin A was postulated. Among the substances isolated for the biosynthesis studies, the structures of the compounds ZY1, lenticulone, precollinone, KS-619-3 and secocollinone-1 were identified as new. In addition to biosynthesis studies, an in vito enzyme activity assay for the oxygenase GrhO6 with the isolated metabolite lenticulone was conducted to stud biosynthesis.
It was also tested, how the degree of oxidative modification during griseorhodin A biosynthesis affects bioactivity. The compounds griseorhodin A, didesoxygriseorhodin C, collinone, precollinone and lenticulone showed antibacterial activity to Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus carnosus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens und Bacillus subtilis. The MIC values for the inhibitory activity were determined. collinone and griseorhodin A showed the highest antibacterial activity.
Serine protease-inhibiting activity for the compounds and extracts were tested in the group of Prof. Michael Gütschow, at the University of Bonn. For griseorhodin A, didesoxygriseorhodin C, collinone, and lenticulone a considerable inhibiting activity to human leukocyte elastase (HLE) was determined. The highest HLE-inhibiting activity is displayed by didesoxygriseorhodin C. (IC50=3.10±0.83 µg mL-1) The results impliy that the griseorhodin-type compounds could represent a new class of candidates for HLE inhibitors.
Cytotoxic and antiproliferative activities of griseorhodin A, didesoxygriseorhodin C, collinone, and lenticulone were determined in the group of Hans-Martin Dahse in HKI, Jena. In general, the activities of all of these compounds were moderate and in the same range.
In addition, the absolute configuration of griseorhodin A, collinone and precollinone was determined by quantum chemical circular dichroism (CD) calculations in combination with experimental CD measurements in the group of Prof. Gerhard Bringmann, at the University of Würzburg.},

url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/5310}
}

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