Korir, Patricia Jebett: Immune regulation in Plasmodium berghei ANKA infected mice either lacking type I interferon signalling or mimicking malaria tolerance. - Bonn, 2017. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-46278
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/7121,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-46278,
author = {{Patricia Jebett Korir}},
title = {Immune regulation in Plasmodium berghei ANKA infected mice either lacking type I interferon signalling or mimicking malaria tolerance},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2017,
month = mar,

note = {Malaria is a disease caused by Plasmodium parasites and transmitted by female Anopheles mosquitoes. Children under the age of five, pregnant women and none-immune individuals are at risk of developing severe malaria such as cerebral malaria (CM), caused only by P. falciparum. During Plasmodium infection, the parasite and its products are recognised by pattern recognition receptors on myeloid cells and dendritic cells (DCs) in the spleen resulting in the secretion of pro and anti- inflammatory cytokines, which can drive the disease to either a severe outcome or induce tolerance.
Among the secreted cytokines are the type I interferons (IFNs), which signal via the heterodimeric interferon alpha receptor (Ifnar). In the first part of this thesis we show that type I IFN signalling via the receptor on myeloid cells plays a crucial role in the mediation of pathology during infection with P. berghei ANKA. Mice that lack the receptor on myeloid cells (LysMCreIfnar1fl/fl) had a phenotype comparable to the full (knockout) ko mice (Ifnar1-/-). Upon PbA-infection, these mice showed a stable blood brain barrier, had very few cells (such as CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells NK cells and Ly6Chi inflammatory monocytes) present in their brains and low inflammatory mediators in comparison to the wild type (WT) mice and the mice that lack the receptor on DCs (CD11cCreIfnar1fl/fl). Although these mice were protected from ECM, they were able to recognise endogenous parasite-specific antigen and transgenic antigen and to mount a specific cytolytic response in the spleen. Importantly, these effector cytotoxic CD8+ T cells were retained/arrested in the spleen. In the absence of Ifnar on myeloid cells or on all cells, the mice had less Ly6Chi inflammatory monocytes in their spleens.
Importantly, the protected mice contained a special subset of macrophages showing an immune-regulatory phenotype. We found in spleens of PbA-infected Ifnar ko alternatively activated macrophages (M2), which expressed YM-1, Relm α / Fizz and Arg-1 and produced IL-10 and arginase. However, mice that lacked the receptor specifically on myeloid cells contained very low amount of these cells in their spleens but they had high levels of IL-10 and IL-6, which could have been produced by another form of suppressive/regulatory macrophages. We conclude that these cells contributed to creating a suppressive milieu in the spleens of the protected mice, resulting in retention of immune cells in the spleen. The change in the macrophage phenotype to a suppressive/immunoregulatory phenotype occurred without altering the Th-1 response.
In the second part of this thesis we analysed the changes in the immune response after infection with elevated parasite dose, which resulted in protection from ECM, thereby mimicking malaria tolerance experimentally. This was mediated by complete blockage of IFNγ production and partial suppression of the Th1 response. Also the high parasite dose resulted in suppression of the expression of MHC class II on Ly6Chi inflammatory monocytes. Using mice that are genetically deficient of IL-10 on myeloid cells, we showed that the IL-10 production by myeloid cells had a crucial role in the protection of mice from ECM in this malaria tolerance model. In conclusion; our results showed that during infection with Plasmodium berghei ANKA, type I IFN inflammatory signalling and production of IL-10 by myeloid cells, mostly macrophages and monocytes, are crucial in driving the disease to either the severe outcome that is observed in C57BL/6 or tolerance that is observed in the high dose infected mice.},

url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/7121}
}

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