Adjobimey, Tomabu G.: Modulation of B cell antibody production by antigen-specific IL-10 producing regulatory T cells. - Bonn, 2008. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5N-16340
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/3723,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5N-16340,
author = {{Tomabu G. Adjobimey}},
title = {Modulation of B cell antibody production by antigen-specific IL-10 producing regulatory T cells},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2008,
note = {The ability of B cells to present antigen and produce antibodies has established their absolute requirement in mediating adaptive immune responses. Other key mediators of the adaptive system are regulatory T-cells (Treg) which modulate both T and B cell responses. There are currently three different Treg populations: naturally-occurring regulatory populations (nTreg) designated by the expression of the IL-2 receptor (CD25) and the transcription factor Foxp3. Alternatively there are Tr-1 and Th3 cells which are characterised by the secretion of IL-10 and TGF-β respectively. IL-10 producing T cells have been shown to regulate the adaptive immune system by inducing B cells to secrete IgG4 in a cell-contact dependent manner. The benefit of such non-inflammatory B cell responses is apparent in the hypo-responsive state of patients with allergy or helminth infections such as Onchocerciasis. The present thesis was aimed at analyzing the molecular mechanisms underlying the ability of IL-10 producing T cells to induce the production of the IgG4 by B cells. For these investigations, regulatory T cell clones (Tr-TCC) were generated from human PBMC.
The initial results section provides an overview regarding the different aspects of antigen-specific Tr-TCC generation. Antigen-specificity was induced via repeated rounds of stimulation with tetanus toxoid (or Onchocerca Volvulus extract) alone or on combination with dexamethasone and vitamin D3 (DD3). The results show the ability of Tr-TCC to suppress tetanus-specific reactive T cells in a cell-contact independent but IL-10-dependent manner. Generated Tr-TCC were then characterised for their expression of regulatory T cell markers such as CD25 and Foxp3 and compared with isolated nTreg: interestingly the cells had overlapping phenotypes. Using B:T cell co-culture assays, generated Tr-TCC were then shown to preferentially induce B cells to secrete IgG4 and required cell-contact. Experiments also demonstrated that both memory and naïve B cells were required to produce significant levels of IgG4. Mechanistically, molecules like GITR, GITR-L, TGF-β, IL-10 and Foxp3 were shown to play an important role in the induction of this immunoglobulin. It could be shown that blocking GITR molecules selectively prevented IgG4 production as did neutralizing Abs to GITR-L, IL-10 and TGF-β. Furthermore, the prevention of IgG4 induction by anti-GITR Abs was reversed by excess rIL-10 but not rTGF- β indicating a complex relationship. The requirement of Foxp3 in this process was surprising since Tr-1 cells do not constitutively express Foxp3 and an active functional role was not previously reported. To investigate this point further, the levels of Foxp3 were measured during the generation process; here it could be shown that levels of constitutive Foxp3 increased after each round of stimulation and correlated with the ability of T cell lines to induce IgG4 in B cells. The functional requirement of this transcription factor was further shown after silencing Foxp3 in Tr-TCC using specific siRNA since Tr-TCC induced IgG2 instead of IgG4. IgG4 production was also shown using isolated nTreg from healthy untreated donors albeit weaker than Tr-TCC. In further correlation, IgG4 induction by nTreg was also GITR and IL-10 dependant. More interestingly, under the same conditions, isolated CD4+CD25- effector T cells induced the production of IgG2, a result correlating with Foxp3 silenced Tr-TCC. In the final experiments, B cell activation using Toll-like receptor stimuli affected the ability of Tr-TCC to induce IgG4 in B cells. These preliminary findings provide a hypothesis for the mechanism into how the different outcomes of Onchocerca infection occur: hypo-responsive (high IgG4 and low pathology) versus hyper-responsiveness (low IgG4, high IgE and debilitating pathology).},

url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/3723}
}

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